Vol. 6, Issue 2, Part A (2024)

The ABO blood types are correlated with several health issues, including cardiovascular ailments, immunological responses, and cancer susceptibility. Evaluation of ovarian reserve includes the antral follicle count (AFC), levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and inhibin-B.

Objective: Therefore, this study aimed at determining the relationship between ABO blood group types and early follicle stimulating hormone levels among subfertile women.

Materials and Methods: The study participating a sample of 200 individuals. This cross-sectional observational research collected serum levels of early follicular stimulation hormone (FSH mIU/ml) and oestradiol (E2, pg/ml), along with demographic data regarding blood group type (A, B, AB, and O) and patient age, for female patients aged 42 years or younger (n=200) undergoing fertility evaluation at a private clinic. Serum FSH levels over 10 mIU/ml indicate decreased ovarian reserve (DOR). The data distribution for two groups of FSH levels (≤ 10 and > 10 mIU/ml) has been delineated. The analysis used IBM SPSS version 22.0. ANOVA statistical analysis comprised: Chi-square tests have been performed to compare the distribution of blood types with the worldwide population. Further attributes of the research subjects are evaluated using ANOVA. The data analysis with a significance threshold established at p < 0.05.

Results: The distribution of blood types, arranged by frequency, is as follows: O: 42.5%, A: 23.5%, B: 17.5%, AB: 7.5%. Modifying to the reference age group, individuals with blood type O exhibited a higher probability of FSH levels exceeding 10 mIU/mL compared to those with blood types A, B, or AB; a greater percentage of women with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) are of blood type O, while a smaller percentage of blood types A. The A antigen (A and AB) exhibited a significant protective correlation with ovarian reserve (p = 0.000) and AB. The A blood type antigen has a significant protective correlation with ovarian reserve (P=0.000).

Conclusions: The A blood group antigen associated with defending ovarian reserve, while blood type O seems to be linked to DOR in an age-independent manner. Large sample population based longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm the cause–effect relation and the clinical significance of this association.