Vol. 6, Issue 2, Part A (2024)

Introduction: Infertility affects 10–15% of marriages, with uterine factors contributing to 15–20% of cases. Office hysteroscopy (OH) is a minimally invasive, anaesthesia-free procedure providing direct visualisation of the uterine cavity. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of OH in detecting uterine abnormalities in infertile women and its potential integration into gynaecological practice.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at Sri Siddhartha Medical College from April 2023 to September 2024. One hundred infertile women aged 21–40 years, presenting with primary or secondary infertility, were evaluated. Exclusion criteria included acute infections and systemic pathologies. After a detailed history, routine diagnostic evaluations, and counselling, participants underwent OH using a 2.9 mm hysteroscope in an outpatient setting without anaesthesia. Uterine abnormalities such as fibroids, polyps, and adhesions were documented. Data were analysed descriptively, comparing findings between primary and secondary infertility groups.
Results: Primary infertility (64%) was more prevalent than secondary infertility (36%). Submucosal fibroids (25%) and intrauterine adhesions (25%) were the most common findings in primary infertility, while secondary infertility showed adhesions (33.33%) as predominant. Normal hysteroscopic findings were observed in 44.44% of secondary infertility cases, unlike the primary group, which exhibited abnormalities in all cases.
Conclusion: Office hysteroscopy is a safe, effective, and well-tolerated diagnostic tool for evaluating uterine abnormalities in infertile women. Its ability to detect intrauterine pathologies supports its use as a first-line procedure, particularly in cases of unexplained primary infertility, to enhance targeted interventions and improve fertility outcomes. Further multicentre studies are recommended to validate these findings.